Docs ModSecDownload » History » Revision 26
Revision 25 (Shtirlic, 2009-01-20 15:22) → Revision 26/46 (Shtirlic, 2009-01-20 15:27)
h1. Secure and Fast Downloading *Module: mod_secdownload* {{>toc}} h2. Options secdownload.secret = <string> secdownload.document-root = <string> secdownload.uri-prefix = <string> (default: /) secdownload.timeout = <short> (default: 60 seconds) h2. Description there are multiple ways to handle secured download mechanisms: 1. use the webserver and the internal HTTP authentication 2. use the application to authenticate and send the file through the application Both ways have limitations: webserver: - ``+`` fast download - ``+`` no additional system load - ``-`` inflexible authentication handling application: - ``+`` integrated into the overall layout - ``+`` very flexible permission management - ``-`` the download occupies an application thread/process A simple way to combine the two ways could be: 1. app authenticates user and checks permissions to download the file. 2. app redirects user to the file accessable by the webserver for further downloading. 3. the webserver transfers the file to the user. As the webserver doesn't know anything about the permissions used in the app, the resulting URL would be available to every user who knows the URL. mod_secdownload removes this problem by introducing a way to authenticate a URL for a specified time. The application has to generate a token and a timestamp which are checked by the webserver before it allows the file to be downloaded by the webserver. The generated URL has to have the format: <uri-prefix>/<token>/<timestamp-in-hex>/<rel-path> which looks like "yourserver.com/bf32df9cdb54894b22e09d0ed87326fc/435cc8cc/secure.tar.gz" <token> is an MD5 of 1. a secret string (user supplied) 2. <rel-path> (starts with /) 3. <timestamp-in-hex> As you can see, the token is not bound to the user at all. The only limiting factor is the timestamp which is used to invalidate the URL after a given timeout (secdownload.timeout). .. Note 1:: Be sure to choose a another secret than the one used in the examples, as this is the only part of the token that is not known to the user. .. Note 2:: Ensure that the token is also in hexadecimal. Depending on the programming language you use, there might be no extra step for this. For instance, in PHP, the MD5 function returns the Hex value of the digest. If, however, you use a language such as Java or Python, the extra step of converting the digest into Hex is needed (see the Python example below). If the user tries to fake the URL by choosing a random token, status 403 'Forbidden' will be sent out. If the timeout is reached, status 410 'Gone' will be sent. This used to be 408 'Request Timeout' in earlier versions. If token and timeout are valid, the <rel-path> is appended to the configured (secdownload.document-root) and passed to the normal internal file transfer functionality. This might lead to status 200 or 404. h2. Options secdownload.secret = <string> secdownload.document-root = <string> secdownload.uri-prefix = <string> (default: /) secdownload.timeout = <short> (default: 60 seconds) h2. Examples Application ----------- Your application has to generate the correct URLs. h3. The following sample code for PHP Example should be easily adaptable to any other language: :: <pre> <?php $secret = "verysecret"; $uri_prefix = "/dl/"; # filename # please note file name starts with "/" $f = "/secret-file.txt"; # current timestamp $t = time(); $t_hex = sprintf("%08x", $t); $m = md5($secret.$f.$t_hex); # generate link printf('<a href="%s%s/%s%s">%s</a>', $uri_prefix, $m, $t_hex, $f, $f); ?> </pre> h3. Ruby On Rails A ruby on rails example, used in the context of a helper helper: :: <pre> def gen_sec_link(rel_path) rel_path.sub!(/^([^\/])/,'/\1') # Make sure it had a leading slash s_secret = 'secret' # Secret string uri_prefix = '/dl/' # Arbitrary download prefix timestamp = "%08x" % Time.now.to_i # Timestamp, to hex token = MD5::md5(s_secret + rel_path + timestamp).to_s # Token Creation '%s%s/%s%s' % [uri_prefix, token, timestamp, rel_path] # Return the properly formatted string end </pre> So in a view or helper: <%= link_to "Private Image", gen_sec_link("path/from/download-area/someimage.img") %> h3. A generic Python example, usable with Django or any other Python web framework framework: :: <pre> def gen_sec_link(rel_path): import time, hashlib secret = 'verysecret' uri_prefix = '/dl/' hextime = "%08x" % time.time() token = hashlib.md5(secret + rel_path + hextime).hexdigest() return '%s%s/%s%s' % (uri_prefix, token, hextime, rel_path) </pre> h3. C# Example (nminhkha) <pre> //import library using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; //function : public string GetHash(string hashMe) // function get MD5 { MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider(); UTF7Encoding encoder = new UTF7Encoding(); Byte[] encStringBytes; encStringBytes = encoder.GetBytes(hashMe); encStringBytes = md5.ComputeHash(encStringBytes); string strHex = string.Empty; foreach (byte b in encStringBytes) strHex += String.Format("{0:x2}", b); return strHex; } public string GetCurrentEpochTimeInHex() // function get current epoch time in HEX { DateTime EpochTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0); TimeSpan diff = DateTime.UtcNow - EpochTime; return ((long)diff.TotalSeconds).ToString("x"); } public string GenerateSecureLink(string rel_path) // ex : rel_path = "/secret-file.txt"; { string t_hex = GetCurrentEpochTimeInHex(); string serect = "verysecret"; string uri_prefix = "/dl/"; string m = GetHash(serect + rel_path + t_hex); return String.Format("{0}{1}/{2}{3}", uri_prefix, m, t_hex, rel_path); } </pre> Reference make MD5 in C# C sharp : http://ok-cool.com/posts/read/125-php-md5-not-the-same-as-net-md5/ ---------------- h2. Webserver The server has to be configured in the same way. The URI prefix and secret have to match: :: <pre> server.modules = ( ..., "mod_secdownload", ... ) secdownload.secret = "verysecret" secdownload.document-root = "/home/www/servers/download-area/" secdownload.uri-prefix = "/dl/" secdownload.timeout = 10 </pre>