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h1. The CGI-Module
*Module: mod_cgi*
{{>toc}}
h2. Description
CGI programs allow you to enhance the functionality of the server in a very straight-forward and simple way.
Note that to see stderr output from CGI processes, you need to set
<pre>
server.breakagelog = "/var/log/lighttpd/breakage.log"
</pre>
or similar.
h2. Options
*cgi.execute-x-only*
requires +x for cgi scripts if enabled.
*cgi.assign*
file-extensions that are handled by a CGI program
<pre>
cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl",
".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" )
</pre>
For PHP don't forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini.
To get the old cgi-bin behavior of apache:
<pre>
#Note: make sure that mod_alias is loaded if you use this:
alias.url += ( "/cgi-bin" => server_root + "/cgi-bin" )
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/cgi-bin" {
cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )
}
</pre>
*cgi.x-sendfile* (since 1.4.40)
If the "x-sendfile" feature is active, an *X-Sendfile* response header containing a fully-qualified path will cause lighttpd to send the local file found at that path instead of the generated content from the backend. See mod_fastcgi [[lighttpd:Docs_ModFastCGI#X-Sendfile|X-Sendfile]]
<pre>
cgi.x-sendfile = "enable" # default "disable"
</pre>
*cgi.x-sendfile-docroot* (since 1.4.40)
"x-sendfile-docroot" limits the directory trees allowed in the path provided by X-Sendfile response header. See mod_fastcgi [[lighttpd:Docs_ModFastCGI#X-Sendfile|X-Sendfile]]
<pre>
cgi.x-sendfile-docroot = ( "/srv/www/html", "/srv/www/static" )
</pre>
*cgi.local-redir* (since 1.4.46)
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875 6.2.2 Local Redirect Response optimization
*cgi.execute-all* (1.5 (abandoned) Note: 1.5.0 release branch no longer maintained)
<pre>
cgi.local-redir $PHYSICAL["existing-path"] =~ "^/var/www/myvhost/cgi-bin/" {
cgi.execute-all = "enable" # default "disable"
}
</pre>
h2. PATH environment variable
The default PATH environment variable in
which does the CGI execution environment same thing as cgi.assign = ("" => "") but is unspecified by lighttpd and results in use of the default PATH built into the shell (e.g. PATH="/bin:/usr/bin"). To specify a PATH for CGI scripts, use [[Docs_ModSetenv]]:
<pre>
setenv.set-environment( "PATH" => "/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin" )
</pre>
more obvious to use.
h2. Examples
To setup an executable which can run on its own (e.g. binaries, scripts with a shebang line) you just don't specify a handler for the extension:
<pre>
cgi.assign = ( ".sh" => "" )
</pre>
If the file has no extension keep in mind that lighttpd matches not the extension itself but the right part of the URL:
<pre>
cgi.assign = ( "/testfile" => "" )
</pre>
To assign a CGI script as a default handler for to handle a URL path, even if that path is virtual, with the help of mod_alias:
<pre>
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/urlpath(?:/|$)" {
alias.url = ( "/urlpath" => "/path/to/script" )
cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )
}
</pre>